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Что (кто) такое relief print - определение
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![A sunk-relief depiction of Pharaoh [[Akhenaten]] with his wife [[Nefertiti]] and daughters. The main background has not been removed, merely that in the immediate vicinity of the sculpted form. Note how strong shadows are needed to define the image.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Akhenaten, Nefertiri and three daughers beneath the Aten - Neues Museum - Berlin - Germany 2017 (cropped).jpg?width=200 "A sunk-relief depiction of Pharaoh [[Akhenaten]] with his wife [[Nefertiti]] and daughters. The main background has not been removed, merely that in the immediate vicinity of the sculpted form. Note how strong shadows are needed to define the image.")
![A face of the high-relief ''[[Frieze of Parnassus]]'' round the base of the [[Albert Memorial]] in London. Most of the heads and many feet are completely undercut, but the torsos are "engaged" with the surface behind](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Albert Memorial Friese Facing South - May 2008.jpg?width=200 "A face of the high-relief ''[[Frieze of Parnassus]]'' round the base of the [[Albert Memorial]] in London. Most of the heads and many feet are completely undercut, but the torsos are \"engaged\" with the surface behind")
![Siva]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Banteay Srei in Angkor.jpg?width=200 "Siva]]")
![Life of Christ]]'', c. 1350–1365](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/French - Diptych with Scenes from the Passion of Christ - Walters 71179 - Open.jpg?width=200 "Life of Christ]]'', c. 1350–1365")
![A mid-relief of an [[eagle]] (the [[coat of arms]] of the [[People's Republic of Poland]]), [[Warsaw]] (1955)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PL Wwa, PKiN, z orlem trybuny, 2010.06.13 (2).jpg?width=200 "A mid-relief of an [[eagle]] (the [[coat of arms]] of the [[People's Republic of Poland]]), [[Warsaw]] (1955)")
![A common mixture of high and low relief, in the Roman [[Ara Pacis]], placed to be seen from below. Low relief ornament at bottom](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Panel of Tellus, Ara Pacis, Rome.jpg?width=200 "A common mixture of high and low relief, in the Roman [[Ara Pacis]], placed to be seen from below. Low relief ornament at bottom")
![Low-relief on Roman [[sestertius]], 238 AD](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PupienusSest.jpg?width=200 "Low-relief on Roman [[sestertius]], 238 AD")
![A low-relief dating to circa 2000 BC, from the kingdom of [[Simurrum]], modern [[Iraq]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rock Relief of Iddin-Sin, King of Simurrum.jpg?width=200 "A low-relief dating to circa 2000 BC, from the kingdom of [[Simurrum]], modern [[Iraq]]")
![Parthenon Marbles]]. Some front limbs are actually detached from the background completely, while the [[centaur]]'s left rear leg is in low relief.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Parthenon sculptures, British Museum (14063376069) (2) (cropped).jpg?width=200 "Parthenon Marbles]]. Some front limbs are actually detached from the background completely, while the [[centaur]]'s left rear leg is in low relief.")
![High-relief deities at [[Khajuraho]], India](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Western Group of Temples, Khajuraho 20.jpg?width=200 "High-relief deities at [[Khajuraho]], India")
!["Blocked-out" unfinished low relief of [[Ahkenaten]] and [[Nefertiti]]; unfinished Greek and Persian high-reliefs show the same method of beginning a work.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amarna Neues 05.JPG?width=200 "\"Blocked-out\" unfinished low relief of [[Ahkenaten]] and [[Nefertiti]]; unfinished Greek and Persian high-reliefs show the same method of beginning a work.")
![Zoroastrian]] Nowruz – at the spring [[equinox]] the power of the bull (personifying [[Earth]]) and lion (personifying the [[Sun]]) are equal.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nowruz Zoroastrian.jpg?width=200 "Zoroastrian]] Nowruz – at the spring [[equinox]] the power of the bull (personifying [[Earth]]) and lion (personifying the [[Sun]]) are equal.")
![Assyrian low relief]], ''[[Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal]]'', North Palace, [[Nineveh]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sculpted reliefs depicting Ashurbanipal, the last great Assyrian king, hunting lions, gypsum hall relief from the North Palace of Nineveh (Irak), c. 645-635 BC, British Museum (16722131531).jpg?width=200 "Assyrian low relief]], ''[[Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal]]'', North Palace, [[Nineveh]]")
![[[Atropos]] cutting the thread of life. Ancient Greek low relief](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Atropos.jpg?width=200 "[[Atropos]] cutting the thread of life. Ancient Greek low relief")
![[[Donatello]], Madonna and Child in ''rilievo stiacciato'' or shallow relief](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Donatello, madonna col bambino a un parapetto, davanti a un arco rotto, 1435 circa - National Gallery of Art, Washington - DSC08597.JPG?width=200 "[[Donatello]], Madonna and Child in ''rilievo stiacciato'' or shallow relief")
![crane]], c. 9,000 BC](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Göbekli Tepe reliefs of animals.jpg?width=200 "crane]], c. 9,000 BC")
![pages=[https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00fred/page/20 20–21]}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Warka_vase_(background_retouched).jpg?width=200 "pages=[https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00fred/page/20 20–21]}}")
![Sunk relief as low relief within a sunk outline, from the [[Luxor Temple]] in Egypt, carved in very hard [[granite]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luxor temple 15.jpg?width=200 "Sunk relief as low relief within a sunk outline, from the [[Luxor Temple]] in Egypt, carved in very hard [[granite]]")
![Low relief within a sunk outline, linear sunk relief in the [[hieroglyph]]s, and high relief (right), from Luxor](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luxor Temple 9544.JPG?width=200 "Low relief within a sunk outline, linear sunk relief in the [[hieroglyph]]s, and high relief (right), from Luxor")
![Low to mid-relief, 9th century, [[Borobudur]]. The temple has 1,460 panels of reliefs narrating Buddhist scriptures.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Borobudur Relief Panel I.b119, 0972.jpg?width=200 "Low to mid-relief, 9th century, [[Borobudur]]. The temple has 1,460 panels of reliefs narrating Buddhist scriptures.")
![Qajar]] era, at [[Tangeh Savashi]] in [[Iran]], which might also be described as two stages of low relief This is a [[rock relief]] carved into a cliff.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Qajari relief.jpg?width=200 "Qajar]] era, at [[Tangeh Savashi]] in [[Iran]], which might also be described as two stages of low relief This is a [[rock relief]] carved into a cliff.")
![The Roman [[Warren Cup]], silver [[repoussé]] work](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Warren Cup BM GR 1999.4-26.1 n2.jpg?width=200 "The Roman [[Warren Cup]], silver [[repoussé]] work")
![bloodletting]] ritual performed by [[Lady Xoc]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yaxchilan Lintel 24.jpg?width=200 "bloodletting]] ritual performed by [[Lady Xoc]].")
![[[Rock relief]] at [[Naqsh-e Rustam]]; the Persian [[Sassanian]] emperor [[Shapur I]] (on horseback) with Roman emperors submitting to him](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 12.jpg?width=200 "[[Rock relief]] at [[Naqsh-e Rustam]]; the Persian [[Sassanian]] emperor [[Shapur I]] (on horseback) with Roman emperors submitting to him")
![Romanesque]] portal of ''[[Christ in Majesty]]'' at [[Moissac]] Abbey moves between low and high relief in a single figure.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abadia de Saint-Pierre de Moissac - Portalada Sud de Moissac.JPG?width=200 "Romanesque]] portal of ''[[Christ in Majesty]]'' at [[Moissac]] Abbey moves between low and high relief in a single figure.")
![[[Harbaville Triptych]], Byzantine ivory](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Triptych Harbaville Louvre OA3247 recto.jpg?width=200 "[[Harbaville Triptych]], Byzantine ivory")
![The elaborate [[stucco]] (plaster) reliefs decorating the [[Chateau de Fontainebleau]] were hugely influential. Low-relief decorative [[frieze]] above](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fontainebleau escalier roi5.jpg?width=200 "The elaborate [[stucco]] (plaster) reliefs decorating the [[Chateau de Fontainebleau]] were hugely influential. Low-relief decorative [[frieze]] above")
![Baroque marble high-relief by [[Francesco Grassia]], 1670, Rome](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Adorazione dei pastori - Francesco Grassia.jpg?width=200 "Baroque marble high-relief by [[Francesco Grassia]], 1670, Rome")
.jpg?width=200 "Robert Gould Shaw Memorial, 1897, Boston, combining free-standing elements with high and low relief")
![A relatively modern high relief (depicting shipbuilding) in [[Bishopsgate]], [[London]]. Note that some elements jut out of the frame of the image.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Relief on building in Bishopsgate, London 2.JPG?width=200 "A relatively modern high relief (depicting shipbuilding) in [[Bishopsgate]], [[London]]. Note that some elements jut out of the frame of the image.")
![[[Elizabeth Wyn Wood]]'s [[Bas-relief]] at [[Toronto Metropolitan University]] in [[Toronto]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bas relief at Ryerson University.jpg?width=200 "[[Elizabeth Wyn Wood]]'s [[Bas-relief]] at [[Toronto Metropolitan University]] in [[Toronto]]")
![Colossal Hindu [[rock relief]]s at [[Unakoti]], [[Tripura]], India](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unakoti group of bas-relief sculptures, Tripura, India.jpg?width=200 "Colossal Hindu [[rock relief]]s at [[Unakoti]], [[Tripura]], India")
![Paul Gauguin, ''Woman with Mango Fruits'', 1889, painted oak, [[Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek]], Kopenhagen](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Danemark,_Copenhague,_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek,_Femme_avec_des_mangues,_par_Paul_Gauguin_en_1889_(33150754946).jpg?width=200 "Paul Gauguin, ''Woman with Mango Fruits'', 1889, painted oak, [[Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek]], Kopenhagen")
![[[Ernst Barlach]], ''Angel of Hope'', 1933, Saint Mary parish church in Güstrow](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/G%C3%BCstrow_Marienkirche_-_Barlach_Engel.jpg?width=200 "[[Ernst Barlach]], ''Angel of Hope'', 1933, Saint Mary parish church in Güstrow")
![[[Henry Moore]], ''Relief No. 1'', 1959, Bronze, at the [[Israel Museum]], Jerusalem](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry_moore_relife_1_1959.jpg?width=200 "[[Henry Moore]], ''Relief No. 1'', 1959, Bronze, at the [[Israel Museum]], Jerusalem")
![[[Ewald Matare]], main portal with bronze door, 1958–1960, [[St Lambertus, Düsseldorf]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Düsseldorf St Lambertus Portal.jpg?width=200 "[[Ewald Matare]], main portal with bronze door, 1958–1960, [[St Lambertus, Düsseldorf]]")
![Table at the Cliff, [[Keitum]], Sylt, 2019](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%22Tisch_am_Kliff%22_zum_Thema_%225000_Jahre_Sylter_Geschichte%22_2019_aufgestellt_am_Sylt_Museum_in_Keitum_auf_Sylt.jpg?width=200 "Table at the Cliff, [[Keitum]], Sylt, 2019")
Википедия
Relief printing is a family of printing methods where a printing block, plate or matrix, which has had ink applied to its non-recessed surface, is brought into contact with paper. The non-recessed surface will leave ink on the paper, whereas the recessed areas will not. A printing press may not be needed, as the back of the paper can be rubbed or pressed by hand with a simple tool such as a brayer or roller. In contrast, in intaglio printing, the recessed areas are printed.
Relief printing is one of the traditional families of printmaking techniques, along with the intaglio and planographic families, though modern developments have created others.
In the relief family of printing, the matrix was historically made subtractively, by removing material from the surface of areas not intended to be printed. The remaining surface would then receive ink. The relief family of techniques includes woodcut, metalcut, wood engraving, relief etching, linocut, rubber stamp, foam printing, potato printing, and some types of collagraph.
In the intaglio family of printing, the recessed areas are printed by inking the whole matrix, then wiping the surface so that only ink in the recessed areas remain. Much greater pressure is then needed to force the paper into the channels containing the ink, so a high-pressure press is normally needed. Intaglio techniques include engraving, etching, and drypoint.
In the planographic family of printing, the entire surface of the matrix is flat, and some areas are treated to create the print image. Planographic techniques include lithography and offset lithography.
Normally, relief and intaglio techniques can only be mixed with others of the same family in the same printed page, unless the page is printed twice.
Traditional text printing with movable type is also a relief technique. This meant that woodcuts were much easier to use as book illustrations, as they could be printed together with the text. Intaglio illustrations, such as engravings, had to be printed separately.
The first relief-printed publication in the US, the multi-page newspaper Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick, was published on September 25, 1690.
